![]() Transportation accessibility has been a chronic problem for northern Canada. There are 292 communities in Canada assessed as remote, meaning they are only accessible by air for most of the year, with alternative forms of transportation either non-existent, impossible or impractical. This has impeded the competitiveness of its resource sector and made the provision of basic public services, from health care and education to clean water and healthy food, a luxury rather than a right in the more remote regions. But the sparsity, vastness and extreme weather make much of the country difficult and expensive to access. ![]() Canada has enormous reserves of natural resources, and it is a homeland to Indigenous and northern communities that have developed unique cultures and traditions absent the homogenizing forces of southern cities. This is its strength as well as its weakness. The first confirmed overland expedition to reach the North Pole was in 1968 by Ralph Plaisted, Walt Pederson, Gerry Pitzl and Jean-Luc Bombardier, using snowmobiles and with air support.Canada is a massive country, with its population mostly concentrated in a thin band near the 49th parallel. However, in each case later analysis of expedition data has cast doubt upon the accuracy of their claims. Byrd (1926, aerial) – were once also accepted as having reached the Pole. Three prior expeditions – led by Frederick Cook (1908, land), Robert Peary (1909, land) and Richard E. The first undisputed expedition to reach the North Pole was that of the airship Norge, which overflew the area in 1926 with 16 men on board, including expedition leader Roald Amundsen. Studies in the 2000s predicted that the North Pole may become seasonally ice-free because of Arctic ice shrinkage, with timescales varying from 2016 to the late 21st century or later.Īttempts to reach the North Pole began in the late 19th century, with the record for " Farthest North" being surpassed on numerous occasions. This operates for a few weeks during early spring. Since 2002, a group of Russians have also annually established a private base, Barneo, close to the Pole. However, the Soviet Union, and later Russia, constructed a number of manned drifting stations on a generally annual basis since 1937, some of which have passed over or very close to the Pole. This makes it impractical to construct a permanent station at the North Pole ( unlike the South Pole). The sea depth at the North Pole has been measured at 4,261 m (13,980 ft) by the Russian Mir submersible in 2007 and at 4,087 m (13,409 ft) by USS Nautilus in 1958. While the South Pole lies on a continental land mass, the North Pole is located in the middle of the Arctic Ocean amid waters that are almost permanently covered with constantly shifting sea ice. The nearest permanently inhabited place is Alert on Ellesmere Island, Canada, which is located 817 km (508 mi) from the Pole. The nearest land is usually said to be Kaffeklubben Island, off the northern coast of Greenland about 700 km (430 mi) away, though some perhaps semi-permanent gravel banks lie slightly closer. The North Pole is at the center of the Northern Hemisphere. Along tight latitude circles, counterclockwise is east and clockwise is west. No time zone has been assigned to the North Pole, so any time can be used as the local time. At the North Pole all directions point south all lines of longitude converge there, so its longitude can be defined as any degree value. ![]() It defines geodetic latitude 90° North, as well as the direction of true north. The North Pole is by definition the northernmost point on the Earth, lying antipodally to the South Pole. It is called the True North Pole to distinguish from the Magnetic North Pole. The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole, Terrestrial North Pole or 90th Parallel North, is the point in the Northern Hemisphere where the Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface. Northern point where the Earth's axis of rotation intersects its surface
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